Developmental Milestones for Ages 3 months- 2 years Iris Chin Ponte Ph.D. Eliot-Pearson Department of Applied Child Development Tufts University 3个月到两岁儿童的发展里程碑 By 3 months of age: 满三个月时 Motor Skills 动作技能 lift head when held at your shoulder 在被人抱在胸前时能够抬头 lift head and chest when lying on stomach 平躺时可以抬起头和胸脯 turn head from side to side when lying on stomach 平躺时能左右转头 follow a moving object or person with eyes 眼睛可以追随移动的物体或人物 often hold hands open or loosely fisted 能经常双手互握或微微握拳 grasp rattle when given 在有人递给玩具时能够抓住 wiggle and kick with arms and legs 四肢能够摆动和踢打 Sensory and Thinking Skills 感觉和思维技能 turn head toward bright colors and lights 能将头转向亮色和强光 turn toward the sound of a human voices 能将头转向人声 recognize a bottle 能够识别奶瓶 respond to your shaking a rattle or bell 能对别人摇动的拨浪鼓和铃有反应 Language and Social Skills 言语和社会技能 make cooing, gurgling sounds 可以发出咕咕和咯咯的声音 smile when smiled at能对别人的微笑回以微笑 communicate hunger, fear, discomfort (through crying or facial expression) 能传递饥饿，恐惧，和不适等信号(通过哭或面部表情） usually quiet down at the sound of a soothing voice or when held通常能在被抱或有人安抚时能安静下来 anticipate being lifted在将要被举起时有所预期 react to "peek-a-boo" games 能对躲猫猫游戏有反应 By 6 months of age: 六个月时 Motor Skills 动作技能 hold head steady when sitting with your help 在有人帮助的情况下坐立保持头不动 reach for and grasp objects能伸手索要并抓握物体 play with toes玩指头 help hold the bottle during feeding 在喂奶的时候能帮助拿住奶瓶 explore by mouthing and banging objects 能通过嘴含和敲打体验不同物体 move toys from one hand to another 能够将玩具倒手 shake a rattle 能够摇拨浪鼓 pull up to a sitting position on own if you grasp hands 在有人扶手时能起来坐住 sit with only a little support在有少许帮助的情况下坐住 sit in a high chair 能够在高脚椅子上坐住 roll over能够翻身 bounce when held in a standing position 在被扶着站立时会跳 Sensory and Thinking Skills 感觉和思维技能 open mouth for a spoon 勺子递过时会张嘴 imitate familiar actions you perform能模仿你的一些常见动作 Language and Social Skills 言语和社会技能 babble, making almost sing-song sounds 咿呀学语，基本能发出类似唱歌的声响 know familiar faces 能够识别熟悉的面孔 laugh and squeal with delight 能够开心的大笑和尖叫 scream if annoyed 烦躁时尖叫 smile at herself in a mirror能对镜中的自己微笑 By 12 months of age: 到满12个月时 Motor Skills 动作技能 drink from a cup with help 在有人帮助的情况下可以用杯子喝东西 feed self finger food like raisins or bread crumbs 能够给自己喂小食物如葡萄干或面包渣（也许应该为馒头渣，因为中国人通常情况下吃馒头而不是面包） grasp small objects by using thumb and index or forefinger 可以用拇指和食指抓握小物体 use first finger to poke or point 能用食指戳或指东西 put small blocks in and take them out of a container 能将小方块放入和拿出容器 knock two blocks together能用手敲打两个木块 sit well without support在没人帮助的情况下能坐好 crawl on hands and knees能手脚并用的爬行 pull self to standing position or take steps holding onto furniture能扶着家具自行站立或走动 stand alone momentarily能短暂站立 walk with one hand held能只有一手扶着他人的情况下行走 cooperate with dressing by offering a foot or an arm在别人给穿衣服时手或脚能够协助 Sensory and Thinking Skills感觉和思维技能 copy sounds and actions you make 能模仿他人的动作或声音 respond to music with body motion能用肢体语言对音乐做出反应 try to accomplish simple goals (seeing and then crawling to a toy) 努力实现简单的目标（看到玩具能爬过去拿） look for an object that falls out of sight (such as a spoon that falls under the table) 对消失在眼前的物体能四处寻找（比如低凹到桌子底下的饭勺） Language and Social Skills言语和社会技能 babble, but it sometimes "sounds like" talking呀呀学语，但有时候听起来像是在谈话 say first word开始说出第一个字 try to "talk" with you试图和人交谈 respond to another's distress by showing distress or crying能通过哭或感到难过对别人的难过做出反应 show affection to familiar adults对熟悉的成人表示亲热友好 show mild to severe anxiety at separation from parent在与父母分别时表现出轻度或严重的焦虑 show apprehension about strangers对陌生人进行观察 raise her arms when she wants to be picked up在想要抱时伸出胳膊要求 understand simple commands能理解简单的命令 By 18 months of age: 满18个月时 Motor Skills动作技能 pull, push and dump objects能推拉和丢掉物体 turn pages of a book能自己翻动书页 stack 2 blocks能堆两块积木 carry a stuffed animal or doll 能拿毛绒动物或玩具 scribble with crayons能用蜡笔乱画 walk without help能在没人扶持的情况下行走 run stiffly, with eyes on the ground能生硬的跑动，跑时目光朝地 Sensory and Thinking Skills 感觉和思维技能 identify an object in a picture book 能认出图画书中的物体 laugh at silly actions (as in wearing a bowl as a hat) 对可笑的动作发笑（比如将碗当成帽子戴在头上） look for objects that are out of sight 能寻找不在眼前的物体 put a round lid on a round pot能将圆形的盖子放到圆形的罐子上 follow simple 1-step directions能遵循一步性的指示 solve problems by trial and error通过试错来解决问题 Language and Social Skills 言语和社会技能 say 8-10 words you can understand能说别人能理解的8至10个词 look at a person who is talking to him能眼看与之交谈的人 use "hi," "bye," and "please," with reminders在有人提示的情况下使用你好，再见，请，之类的词 protest when frustrated 在沮丧时抗议 ask for something by pointing or by using one word能通过手指或使用一字词索要东西 direct another's attention to an object or action 能将别人的注意力带向某一物体或动作 become anxious when separated from caregiver在与照看者分别时表现出焦虑 seek attention寻求他人注意 bring toys to share 能拿出玩具与人分享 play alone on the floor with toys能自己在地上玩玩具 compete with other children for toys与其他小朋友争玩具 recognize herself in the mirror or in pictures能在镜子或照片中认出自己 seem selfish at times有时看起来很自私 By 2 years of age:满两岁时 Motor Skills 动作技能 drink from a straw能用吸管喝东西 feed self with a spoon能用勺子自己吃东西 help in washing hands在别人给洗手时主动帮忙 put arms in sleeves with help 在别人给穿衣时能帮助将胳膊伸到袖子里 build a tower of 3-4 blocks能搭3-4块积木高的塔 toss or roll a large ball能投掷或滚动大个的球 open cabinets, drawers, boxes能打开壁橱，抽屉和盒子 operate a mechanical toy 能操作机械玩具 bend over to pick up a toy and not fall能弯腰拾起玩具并不摔倒 walk up steps with help在有人帮助的情况下能上楼梯 take steps backward能倒走 
 Sensory and Thinking Skills 感觉和思维技能 like to take things apart喜欢把东西拆开 explore surroundings探索周围的环境 point to 5-6 parts of a doll when asked能指出玩具的5-6个不同部位 Language and Social Skills言语和社会技能 have a vocabulary of several hundred words有几百个词汇量 use 2-3 word sentences能使用两词或三词的句子 say names of toys能说出玩具的名字 ask for information about an object (asks, "Shoe?" while pointing to shoe box)能对物体进行提问（比如，能指向鞋盒并问“是鞋子吗？） hum or try to sing哼哼或试图唱歌 listen to short rhymes like to imitate parents喜欢模仿父母 sometimes get angry and have temper tantrums有时会生气或大怒 act shy around strangers在陌生人面前显得害羞 comfort a distressed friend or parents在父母或朋友难过时能进行安慰 take turns in play with other children和其他孩子玩时能轮流 treat a doll or stuffed animal as though it were alive对待玩具或磨绒动物像对待活的物体 apply pretend action to others (as in pretending to feed a doll)能对别人做出假装的动作（比如假装喂玩具东西吃） show awareness of parental approval or disapproval for her actions能理解父母对其行为的认可与否 refer to self by name and use "me" and "mine"能在提到自己的时候使用名字并能用“我” 和“我的”。 verbalize his desires and feelings ("I want cookie")能表达自己的愿望（如我想要饼干） laugh at silly labeling of objects and events (as in calling a nose an ear)对物体或事物的可笑名字发笑（如称鼻子为耳朵） enjoy looking at one book over and point to eyes, ears, or nose when you ask喜欢翻看书籍并能在被问到时指出眼睛，耳朵，和鼻子。